U.S. Particle Accelerator School
Microwave Sources course
Sponsoring University:
Colorado State University
Course:
Microwave Sources
Instructors:
Bruce Carlsten, Kim Nichols and Steven Russell, Los Alamos National Lab
Purpose and Audience
This course will provide a solid foundation for understanding how common microwave devices work, particularly those associated with driving accelerators. The course will be taught at a level suitable for a first-year graduate student.
Prerequisites
A course in Electromagnetism and Calculus.
It is the responsibility of the student to ensure that they meet the course prerequisites or have equivalent experience.
Objectives
After the course, the student will understand the basic operating principles of common standing wave (klystron) and traveling-wave (TWT and FEL) microwave devices, particularly how electron beams exchange energy with rf fields. In principle, the student will be able to predict device gain and efficiency, and will understand basic beam dynamics and focusing in microwave tubes, as well as both longitudinal and transverse space-charge effects.
Instructional Method
The course will consist of 45 hours of lectures during the morning and afternoon, focusing on the theoretical understanding of the course content, and will be complemented by afternoon 2-hour sessions in the computer lab in which students will have an opportunity to numerically simulate klystron performance. Daily homework will be given that lets the student review basic concepts introduced in class.
Course Content
Three general topics will be covered - (1) beam physics important for microwave tubes, (2) standing-wave amplifiers, and (3) traveling-wave amplifiers. The beam physics material will include topics on magnetic focusing and space-charge forces, such as Busch's Theorem, solenoidal and PPM focusing, diamagnetic effects, potential depression, space-charge waves, balanced flow, confined flow, and Brillioun flow. A detailed analysis of how a klystron works will be used as an example of a standing-wave amplifier. A beam/cavity interaction model based on induced current will be presented. Students will have an opportunity to understand and use a simplified klystron simulation code (which neglects space-charge effects) in the computer lab. A Pierce-type traveling-wave analysis will also be presented, which will be used to describe a common helix traveling-wave tube and a free-electron laser. Selected unconventional sources and non accelerator applications will be surveyed.
Reading Requirements
(to be provided by the USPAS) “Klystrons, Traveling Wave Tubes, Magnetrons, Cross-Field Amplifiers, and Gyrotrons” by A. S. Gilmour Jr. (Artech House, 2011) and instructor-provided handouts.
Credit Requirements
Students will be evaluated based on performance: homework 30% of final grade, final exam 30% of final grade, and computer lab project 40% of final grade.
Colorado State University course number: ENGR 697 Group Study: Microwave Sources
Indiana University course number: Physics 571
Michigan State University course number: PHY 963
MIT course number: 8.790 "Accelerator Physics"